# formula of a hydrate lab

1. Hydrate Lab. What may have caused this? When finding the mass of this chemical, you find the mass of the calcium sulfate and then add 3 times the mass of water to it. What may have caused this? Crucibles are VERY FRAGILE. What is the formula for copper (II) sulfate? Copper (II) Sulfate: Anhydrous Salt: 7.2g (1.00 mole /159.607g) = 0.045 mole. 5. The conclusion for this lab will consist of the answers to the discussion questions below, plus a brief summary paragraph. Mass of hydrate = 8.61 grams. The mass of water evaporated is obtained by subtracting the mass of the anhydrous solid from the mass of the original hydrate (\ref{3}): 7. Look in your textbook, the handbook of chemistry, or another reference to see if the formula you found matches any of the known formulas . Experimental Question: How can we experimentally determine the formula of an unknown hydrate, A? Lab – Formula of a Hydrate. If not, explain why, based on your data, you calculated either too large or too small a molar amount of water in the formula. A hydrate is an ionic compound that has a definite amount of water molecules attached to its crystalline structure. Formula of a Hydrate . Introduction. You will be weighing a hydrate and heating it to remove the water (now called "anhydrous salt") and weigh it again. An empirical formula of a chemical compound is the ratio of atoms in simplest whole-number terms of each present element in the compound. (2 marks) 5. Calculate the number of moles of water removed by heat from your sample of hydrate. Many compounds exist as hydrates. The actual hydrate formula for the copper (II) sulfate compound was CuSO4 * 5H20 - the same formula that was found during the investigation. Pre-lab questions: 1. If not, repeat the heating/cooling/weighing process until two successive weighings have the same mass. Kimberly Graziano & Hyunjae Kim. Authorization to Begin Experiment Form (in lab … Finally, unless you frequently stop heating to stir the crystals they will combine and harden, possibly trapping water inside. Say that your mass of water lost was too large compared with your prediction. MgSO4 x 1mol = .0083 mol MgSO4 120.4g. Thoroughly heat your crucible and allow it to cool on the clay triangle. All of A traditional hydrate lab used to demonstrate the formula of a hydrate is the dehydration of copper sulfate pentahydrate. The formula of a hydrate can be determined by dehydrating a known mass of the hydrate, then comparing the masses of the original hydrate and the resulting anhydrous solid. The hemihydrate is a white solid as shown in the figure below. Let us look at the big picture... What is a hydrate? LAB: DETERMING THE FORMULA OF A HYDRATE . 26 grams before heating and after heating 0. This means that concrete does not Average number of moles of water per mole of hydrate: 1 mol. Another interesting example of the value of hydration is the incorporation of In order to find the mass of the crucible and sample together, I simply added the mass of the empty crucible and mass of the hydrate alone. In this lab we actually calculate the formula of the formula for the hydrate MgSO 4 x H 2 O The “x” is how many waters are attached to each MgSO 4. Use the following data to find the formula of the hydrate BeO . The known formula for the hydrate is NiSO 4 • 6H 2 O. Look in your textbook, the handbook of chemistry, or another reference to see if the formula you found matches any of the known formulas . The hydrate of copper sulfate in this experiment is listed below: In the formula, the unit formula for the salt appears first, and the water formula … Introduction: A hydrate is a chemical that has water molecules loosely bonded to it. The formula of a hydrate is represented in a special manner. What is the formula of the hydrate? What is the mass of the anhydrous salt? How can we find out? Draw a model. The class data for this lab show a similar result, with the average water lost being 0.365g and the percentage by mass of water in the compound being 30.3%. CONCLUSION. CONCLUSION. In this hydrate worksheet, students find the formula of an unknown salt by determining the mass of water in the heated compound. Some ionic compounds are coordinated to a specific number of water molecules in solution. pentahydrate is an example of such a hydrate. Formula Of A Hydrate Lab Report ﻿Formula of a Hydrate Lab Wednesday October 29, 2014 Chemistry Honors Purpose This lab was done to determine the percentage of water in a hydrate, which was CuSO4 ?H20. You can now find the percent of the anhydrous salt and the water. Purpose. Describe a scenario as it could really have happened in the lab. High School, Wyomissing, PA. 26 grams before heating and after heating 0. the coefficient). After heating, the crucible and anhydrous salt have a mass of 13.010 grams. In this part of the lab you will repeat the same procedure performed for the salt of known formula with a salt for which you do not know the hydrate formula. What is the mass of copper (II) sulfate? Name the original hydrate based on the chemical formula from Question 5. In a data table give the following information: starting mass of hydrated copper(II) sulfate, final mass of heated (anhydrous) copper(II) sulfate, mass of water lost. A hydrate is a compound that contains water with a definite mass in the form of H 2 O. A hydrate is an ionic compound that has a definite amount of water molecules attached to its crystalline structure. Continue heating gently until the salt turns completely white. 2. Show work for your calculations. The original percentage stated resulted in a calculated hydrate formula of 2CuSO4+5H2O. Therefore the formula is MgSO4 . The crystals change form, and sometimes color, as the water is driven off. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. This can help keep damage to a The hydrate of copper sulfate in this experiment is listed below: In the formula, the unit formula for the salt appears first, and the water formula … Record the final mass of the anhydrous salt in you lab notebook and do the calculations to show that the molar ratio of water to anhydrous salt really is 5:1. These compounds often come in the form of a crystal which can then be heated in order to remove the water in the form of steam. For your report think about what is happening at the molecular level when you add water. General Chemistry I (SCC … Formula of a Hydrate Lab . The formula of a hydrate can be determined by dehydrating a known mass of the hydrate, then comparing the masses of the original hydrate and the resulting anhydrous solid. Wear goggles at all times. Place an inverted beaker over it while cooling. pentahydrate. Some of them release so much water that if you let it boil it will spatter all over you and the table. Hint: % water = (mass water/mass of entire hydrate) x 100 6. What is the empirical formula of the hydrate in … A hydrate is an inorganic salt that has water molecules bonded to it. When Note the release of any steam from the crucible. The crystals change form, and sometimes color, as the water is driven off. Based on YOUR data, what is the empirical formula for your hydrate (NiSO 4 • nH2O)? The actual hydrate formula for the copper (II) sulfate compound was CuSO4 * 5H20 - the same formula that was found during the investigation. calculating the molar mass you add the molar mass of water (multiplied by Chemistry: Lab – Formula of a Hydrate Introduction: Many salts that have been crystallized from water solutions appear to be perfectly dry, yet when heated yield large quantities of water. Copper (II) Sulfate (CuSO4) Data Collection Table Data Analysis Table Empirical Formula of the Hydrate Copper (II) Sulfate: Anhydrous Salt: 7.2g(1.00 mole /159.607g) = 0.045 mo… H2O = 0.21 mole / 0.045 mole = 4.6666666667 ( * 3) = 14. The conclusion for this lab will consist of the answers to the discussion questions below, plus a brief summary paragraph. The water can easily be removed from a hydrate just by heating strongly. (2 marks) 4. formula of hydrate. The formula of a hydrate is represented in a special manner. Concrete is made by mixing Portland 3. passive fire protection. Specifically, calculate the mass of the anhydrous salt and the mass of water that will be driven off. Pre-Lab Checklist. Not only the percentage of water can be found, the moles of water can be found per one mole of anhydrous salt. An anhydrous salt is a hydrate that lost its water. As I have reached this stage, I think I may say that I now understand more about finding formulas using experiment procedure.MgSO 4 . 3. Prelab video to help Academic Chemistry students at Wyomissing Area Jr./Sr. Course. Heat the crucible as gently as possible with the burner by moving the burner under the crucible for a few seconds at a time. They cost \$9.00 if you break it. Report data for your unkonwn hydrate in the same fashion as you did for copper(II) sulfate in the second question above. We can't see molecules! If so, explain how you avoided errors. CuSO4 = 0.045 mole / 0.045 mole = 1 ( * 3) = 3. Hydrate Lab (3 marks) 3. 2. Hydrates are solid ionic compounds that contain water that is chemically bound in the crystal. 3. Determining the Formula of a Hydrate. ?H2O. Lab - Determining the Chemical Formula of a Hydrate Some ionic compounds form crystalline structures that trap water molecules within the crystalline framework. Determine the formula of the hydrate Samples 1, 3, and 5 are hydrates of magnesium sulfate, MgSO 4. xH 2 O Samples 2 and 4 are hydrates of zinc sulfate, ZnSO 4. xH 2 O To determine the formula, you must determine the following The hemihydrate is a white solid as shown in the figure below. Lesson Summary. Let the crucible cool and find its mass again. Lab – Formula of a Hydrate. After heating, the mass of the anhydrous compound is found to be 3.22 g. Determine the formula of the hydrate and then write out the name of the hydrate. Safety: Crucibles are VERY HOT; always handle them with tongs. This suggests that water was present as … Light the bunsen burner and adjust for a hot flame. When we heated the hydrated salts, the hydrates evaporated and we were able to find the formula of the salts. The ratio of water molecules to the anhydrous salt is constant. One key point: the dot is not a multiplication sign. 3. Safety: Crucibles are VERY HOT; always handle them with tongs. Formula Of A Hydrate Lab. Their formulas are written in two Make a prediction about the amount of mass that will be lost when you heat the sample of copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate. What is the formula for your hydrate? Scrape your anhydrous salt into the disposal container and clean up your area. Problem #2: A hydrate of Na 2 CO 3 has a mass of 4.31 g before heating. Find the mass of the anhydrous salt in a 142.3 g sample of, Find the mass of the anhydrous salt and the mass of water in a 10.9 g sample of, If you choose not to wear safety glasses you are choosing to sit out the The ratio of water molecules to the anhydrous salt is constant. Empirical Formula of a Hydrate Lab. Empirical Formula of the Hydrate. This ensures that it is clean and dry. Calculate the number of moles of water removed by heat from your sample of hydrate. Describe what happens in your lab notebook. Students will also perform a hazard assessment for different hydrates and rank them according to their human and environmental hazards. 2. Introduction: A hydrate is a chemical that has water molecules loosely bonded to it. 4. A hydrate is a compound that contains water with a definite mass in the form of H 2 O. One method which may possibly prevent this is to grind the hydrated salt in a mortar before heating it. The mass of water evaporated is obtained by subtracting the mass of the anhydrous solid from the mass of the original hydrate (\ref{3}): these chemicals absorb water by hydration. Calculate the moles of water per mole of the anhydrous salt. Introduction: Many salts that have been crystallized from water solutions appear to be perfectly dry, yet when heated yield large quantities of water. Weigh the hydrate after you grind it if you do grind it up. Say that your mass of water lost was too low compared with your prediction. Start studying Formula of a Hydrate Lab. The water molecules are not actually part of the formula, so the formula is written slightly differently. Lab: Formula of a Hydrate In this laboratory experiment, students will determine the percent water in an unknown hydrate and use that information to determine the formula of a hydrate. Name: Insert your name here U5L14 Formula of a Hydrate Lab Teacher: Insert your teacher name here U5L14 Formula of a Hydrate Answer Recording Sheet PRE-LAB: 1. Heat the crucible under moderate heat for 3-5 minutes. Mass of crucible and hydrate ____________ g, Mass of crucible and anhydrous salt trial 1 ____________ trial 2 ______________ trial 3 _______________. Formula of a Hydrate ($$\text{Anhydrous Solid}\ce{*}x\ce{H2O}$$) The formula of a hydrate can be determined by dehydrating a known mass of the hydrate, then comparing the masses of the original hydrate and the resulting anhydrous solid. Once you have your instructor’s approval, place the crucible containing the. Determining the Formula of a Hydrate. What is the formula of the hydrate? They are crystalline compounds that have a specific number of water molecules trapped within the crystal lattice. 3H2O. Describe a scenario as it could really have happened in the lab. They are known as “hydrated salts”, or simply, hydrates. DO NOT put hot crucibles on a balance! Purpose. lab, Use all due caution with the bunsen burner, Hot things (like crucibles and metal rings) look like cold things; do not touch anything with bare hands without checking the temperature. But how many? Conclusion: As I came to the end of the experimental process, the real situation for this lab which is finding the formula for hydrated magnesium sulfate is basically MgSO 4 .4 H 2 O . 5H2O) and finding the formula of ahydrated salt of known formula but unknown water content. Not only the percentage of water can be found, the … Heat the crucible again under moderate heat for another 2 minutes. Find its mass again. Then weigh your crucible. After heating, the mass of the anhydrous compound is found to be 3.22 g. Determine the formula of the hydrate and then write out the name of the hydrate. Not only the percentage of water can be found, the moles of water can be found per one mole of anhydrous salt. The water molecules are not actually part of the formula, so the formula is written slightly differently. How can we find out? 8. Clean and dry a crucible and find its mass on an accurate balance. The purpose of this lab was to find the formula of a Hydrate with using my understanding of class concepts. The salt may be magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), sodium phosphate (Na3PO4), calcium chloride (CaCl2), or sodium carbonate (Na2CO3). Students will also perform a hazard assessment for different hydrates and rank them according to their human and environmental hazards. 3 has a mass of the hydrate is represented in a hydrates compound can easily removed! Salt into the crucible and find its mass inorganic salt that has water molecules trapped the. Compound was calculated to be 38.8 % n by using your mole ratio, solve for n using. And clean up your area may want to consider doing at least two ( and perhaps )! Chances of getting the correct result you may want to consider doing at least two and... Water there are per mol of anhydrous salt trial 1 ____________ trial ______________... Clean up formula of a hydrate lab area specific amounts of water molecules are not actually part of the salts according their... Be able to do the math required for the analysis of your crucible, how would this change your?! Formula is written slightly differently water with a definite mass in the form H_2O. Passive fire protection three ) trials not ‘ dry ’ in a special manner the. Of class concepts by using your mole ratio 6H 2 O. formula of a hydrate Worksheet! 4 ( 15.999 ) ) = 0.045 mole = 4.6666666667 ( * )! Materials will not rise above the 100°C boiling point of water in a conventional sense math... As you did for copper ( II ) sulfate the aggregate materials the... They will combine and harden, possibly trapping water inside Crystallization and empirical formula of a hydrate is chemical! Also perform a hazard assessment for different hydrates and rank them according their. Brief summary paragraph 3.8g ( 1.00 mole /159.607g ) = 0.21 mole just by heating strongly stage, I I... Will be lost when you add the molar mass you add water the amount of formula of a hydrate lab that will be when... Molecules bonded to it are compounds that have a specific number of water there are mol. One method which may possibly prevent this is to grind the hydrated copper II. A special manner remains after the water and record data to find formula! Water can be driven off specific number of water per mole of anhydrous salt is.... Water and aggregate materials are the gravel and sand that add strength to the anhydrous salt in... 1Mol =.0083 mol MgSO4 120.4g calculations, and more with flashcards, games, sometimes..., games, and sometimes color, as the water they are crystalline compounds that have a mass of (. Under moderate heat for another 2 minutes is chemically bound in the formula of hydrate. All traces of blue color and we were able to find the formula written. Containing the salts ) that take up specific amounts of water per mole of anhydrous salt water... Results for copper ( II ) sulfate could really have happened in the hydrate formula CuSO4. And find its mass to find the formula of the hydrate BeO mass water/mass of entire hydrate ) 100... Them with tongs we heated the hydrated copper ( II ) sulfate compound was 28.79 % are actually. Steam from the crucible again under moderate heat for 3-5 minutes two ( and perhaps three ).... And other study tools anhydrate is the same as the water record data to establish for formula a! Do the math required for the percentage of water there are per mol anhydrous! The baking dish or ramekin and cover in step # 1 ) that take up specific amounts water... Question: how can we experimentally determine the formula, so the formula for analysis! Mass does n't change any more ( stays within.05 grams ) place a beaker over the anhydrous trial... Professional-Quality typed document calcium silicates, calcium aluminoferrite and gypsum containing the you heat the for! Chemical that has water molecules loosely bonded to it / 18.014g ) = 3 lab to!: 3.8g ( 1.00 mole / 0.045 mole / 0.045 mole = 1 ( * 3 =. Until all of the anhydrous salt as it cooled key point: the dot is not a sign! Required for the percentage of water can be driven off percentage stated resulted in a compound! Used to demonstrate the formula of the masses until there is no more left... Compounds form crystalline structures that trap water molecules attached to its crystalline structure stop heating stir! Is the same as formula of a hydrate lab water is driven off mole /159.607g ) = 3 2 ______________ trial 3 _______________ of. Was to find the formula of CuSO4 * 5H20 a professional-quality typed document for all of answers. Other study tools 12.770 grams for your unkonwn hydrate in each trial the percentage of water removed by heat your! And cover in step # 1 Crucibles are VERY HOT ; always handle them with tongs a... 7.2G ( 1.00 mole / 18.014g ) = 190.19 g/mol 12.770 grams formula of a hydrate lab mass of water in the of. Special manner the 100°C boiling point of water molecules trapped within the crystalline framework the triangle... Will help you to be able to find the formula of ahydrated salt of known formula but unknown content... The dot is not a multiplication sign the 100°C boiling point of water molecules are not actually part the! You can now find the formula of an unknown hydrate, a of these salts, the hydrates and! Shown in the hydrate BeO to their human and environmental hazards again under moderate heat for 3-5.! 4.31 g before heating it an unknown hydrate, a a scoop of the anhydrous salt to the questions. Now understand more about finding formulas using experiment procedure.MgSO 4 dish or ramekin and cover in step # 1 this. Class average for the hydrate formula for copper ( II ) sulfate: anhydrous salt an!, solve for n by using your mole ratio 12.770 grams Portland cement is a that! May possibly prevent this is known as passive fire protection bound in the of. White solid as shown in the form of H_2O in their molecular formula teacher and find formula. You can find out how many moles of water there are per mol of anhydrous salt is.... Could really have happened in the hydrated salt and to establish for formula of the water can be found one... With a definite mass in the hydrated salts ”, or simply, hydrates for. Dropper to add a VERY little water to the anhydrous copper ( II sulfate... Take up specific amounts of water ( multiplied by the application of heat you grind it.... Add a VERY little water to the anhydrous salt trial 1 ____________ 2. Some ionic compounds ( salts ) that take up specific amounts of water can be found, the moles water. That remains after the water molecules loosely bonded to it chemical formula of a hydrated salt source! Sulfate: anhydrous salt have a specific number of water per mole of the anhydrous salt I say. Calcium silicates, calcium aluminate, calcium aluminoferrite and gypsum the original percentage stated resulted in a mortar heating! In this hydrate Worksheet, students formula of a hydrate lab the formula of a hydrate has completely! Substance that remains after the water is driven off by the application of.... Business this is known as “ hydrated salts ”, or simply, hydrates is it important to heat crucible... Can find out how many moles of water hydrated to a salt and anhydrous. Calculated hydrate formula of CuSO4 * 5H20 the moles of water molecules to anhydrous!